Debunking 5 myths about lung cancer

Lung cancer remains one of the most feared and misunderstood diseases globally. It has the greatest mortality rates among both men and women and is the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities globally. As we observe World Lung Cancer Day 2024, it is important to separate fact from fiction to better understand this condition and its impacts. Here we will debunk 5 common myths about lung cancer and focus on some other facts.

Myth: Only smokers get lung cancer

While smoking is a significant risk factor for lung cancer, it is not the sole cause. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 10-20% of lung cancer cases occur in non-smokers. Exposure to secondhand smoke, radon gas, asbestos, and other carcinogens can also lead to lung cancer. Genetic factors and air pollution play substantial roles. For instance, a study published in The Lancet found that air pollution contributes to around 14% of lung cancer cases worldwide.

“For lung cancer, while a healthy lifestyle, trying to avoid the use of smoking and tobacco are common measures, it is also imperative to consider getting regular screenings done. A first step would be to watch out for early symptoms like – persistent or worsening cough, chest pain triggered by breathing or laughing, difficulty in breathing, joint or bone pain, or unexplained weight loss,” said Dr Amitesh Anand, Surgical Oncologist, Ranchi Cancer Hospital & Research Centre (RCHRC).

Myth: Lung cancer only affects older people

Although lung cancer is more common in older adults, it can affect people of all ages. The American Lung Association highlights that while the average age of diagnosis is around 70, younger adults and even teenagers can develop lung cancer. Early onset of the disease can be linked to genetic mutations and environmental factors. A comprehensive study in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention noted an increase in lung cancer incidence among individuals aged 20 to 49.

Dr Anand further explained, “Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in India, accounting for 5.9% of all cancer cases and 8.1% of all cancer-related deaths. Alarmingly, the burden is steadily increasing among younger populations as well, with 10-20 percent of cases occurring in individuals under the age of 50.”

Myth: If you have smoked for many years, there is no point in quitting

Quitting smoking at any age significantly reduces the risk of developing lung cancer and improves overall health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that within 10 years of quitting, the risk of dying from lung cancer drops by half compared to someone who continues smoking. Research from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute reveals that former smokers experience a substantial decline in lung cancer risk over time, regardless of how long they smoked.

Myth: Lung cancer screening is unnecessary if you don’t have symptoms

Early detection through screening can save lives, even if you don’t exhibit symptoms. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual lung cancer screening for high-risk individuals, such as those aged 50-80 with a significant smoking history. The National Lung Screening Trial found that low-dose CT scans can reduce lung cancer mortality by 20% compared to chest X-rays. Screening helps detect cancer at an early, more treatable stage.

Myth: There’s nothing you can do to prevent lung cancer

While not all lung cancer cases are preventable, several measures can significantly reduce the risk. Avoiding smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke, testing homes for radon, and reducing exposure to carcinogens like asbestos are effective strategies. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and regular exercise can also contribute to lung health. A study in The Journal of Nutrition emphasized the protective role of a diet high in antioxidants against lung cancer.

“While lung cancer is the leading cancer among men in India, it is increasingly impacting women as well due to rising tobacco use, passive smoking, and severe indoor and outdoor air pollution. Women’s cancer cases are often only identified at advanced stages due to reluctance in undergoing routine screenings. Women in high-risk jobs, such as mining and construction, and those in rural communities, are particularly vulnerable. Socioeconomic factors, including lack of awareness, limited decision-making power, and financial constraints, complicate cancer care for them,” said Dr. Prasanth Penumadu, Head of the Department, Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Cancer Care.