Early signs of mental health issues in kids

In recent years, many discussions around mental health in individuals have gained prominence, emphasising that it is just as important as physical health. However, while adult mental health is increasingly being acknowledged, children often remain a neglected demographic in this regard.
Children face unique mental health challenges. If left unrecognised or untreated, this can have lifelong implications on their growth and development.The early years of life lay the foundation for cognitive, emotional, and social development. The profound impact of mental health issues on various domains of children’s lives which include academic performance, social relationships, and overall quality of life underscores the urgency of prioritising early intervention and prevention of mental health conditions.
A closer look at some of the common mental health challenges encountered by children and the signs and symptoms that they demonstrate through their behaviours can help parents, caregivers, and educators address them at an early stage.
Common Mental Health Challenges in Children
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders encompass various forms, such as generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety, and separation anxiety. These disorders cause significant distress and interfere with a child’s daily functioning.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Excessive worry or fear, often disproportionate to the situation.
⦁ Avoidance of social interactions or refusal to go to school.
⦁ Physical symptoms like stomach aches or headaches without a clear medical cause.

Depression
Childhood depression is often characterized by persistent sadness or irritability. It can affect children as young as preschool age.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Persistent sadness or withdrawal from previously enjoyable activities.
⦁ Frequent irritability, crying, or anger outbursts.
⦁ Changes in sleep patterns or appetite.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD affects a child’s ability to concentrate and control impulses, impacting their academic performance and relationships with other people.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Inability to focus on tasks or frequent careless mistakes.
⦁ Hyperactivity, such as constant fidgeting or an inability to stay seated for some time.
⦁ Impulsivity, like interrupting others or difficulty waiting for their turn.
Behavioural Disorders
Disorders like Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) involve chronic behavioural issues that disrupt family, school, and social life.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Frequent temper tantrums or defiant behaviour towards authority figures.
⦁ Deliberate rule-breaking or aggressive behaviour towards others.
⦁ Lying, stealing, or other antisocial behaviour.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
ASD is a developmental disorder affecting communication, behaviour, and social interaction.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Difficulty in social communication or maintaining eye contact.
⦁ Repetitive behaviours or strict adherence to routines.
⦁ Delayed speech or lack of interest in imaginative play.
Eating Disorders
While often associated with teenagers, eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa can start in childhood.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Excessive preoccupation with weight, body image, or dieting.
⦁ Extreme restriction of food intake or episodes of binge eating.
⦁ Changes in weight or frequent trips to the bathroom after meals.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
PTSD can occur after a child experiences or witnesses a traumatic event.
Signs to Watch For:
⦁ Nightmares, flashbacks, or distressing memories related to the event.
⦁ Avoidance of places, people, or activities that remind them of the trauma.
⦁ Hypervigilance or difficulty concentrating.
When to Seek Help
While children exhibit occasional behavioural issues or mood swings, persistent changes in behaviour, emotions, or social functioning may signal a deeper problem.
Parents, caregivers, and educators should consider seeking help if a child:
⦁ Shows persistent sadness or withdrawal for more than two weeks.
⦁ Exhibits sudden changes in behaviour, such as extreme irritability or aggressive outbursts.
⦁ Struggles with school performance due to concentration or motivation issues.
⦁ Engages in self-harm or talks about wanting to die.
⦁ Has difficulty making friends or maintaining relationships.
⦁ Displays significant changes in sleep or appetite.
How to Support a Child with Mental Health Challenges
⦁ Listen Actively: Provide a safe space for children to express their feelings without fear of judgment.
⦁ Encourage Open Communication: Help children identify and verbalize their emotions.
⦁ Be Observant: Monitor any changes in behaviour or routines and seek professional guidance if required.
⦁ Foster a Supportive Environment: Ensure the child feels loved, accepted, and understood.
⦁ Seek Professional Help: Consult a paediatrician, psychologist, or psychiatrist for a comprehensive evaluation and treatment plan.
Understanding the signs of mental health challenges in children is vital in ensuring early intervention and appropriate care. By being proactive, observant, and empathetic, parents, caregivers, and educators can help children navigate these challenges and lead fulfilling lives. Mental health matters at every age, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that no child’s cry for help goes unheard.
Authored by: Nisha Printer, Consultant Rehabilitation Therapist, Fernandez Child Development Centre